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Hawk Insurance Co Ltd, Re [2001] EWCA Civ 241

An insolvent insurance company in provisional liquidation sought court sanction for a scheme of arrangement with its creditors. The High Court refused, holding separate class meetings were required due to differential dividend weightings. The Court of Appeal allowed the appeal, finding all creditors could consult together with a view to...

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Graham v Every [2014] EWCA Civ 191

Mr Graham, a shareholder in Below Zero London Ltd (an ice bar company), petitioned for relief from unfair prejudice under section 994 of the Companies Act 2006 after being excluded from management. The Court of Appeal allowed his appeal regarding struck-out allegations about shareholder understandings and non-compliant share purchases, holding...

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Grace v Biagioli [2005] EWCA Civ 1222

Mr Grace, a 25% shareholder in Telpro UK, petitioned under s.459 Companies Act 1985 after being denied his declared dividend and removed as director. The Court of Appeal held the non-payment was unfairly prejudicial and ordered the respondents to purchase his shares, reversing the trial judge's limited remedy. Facts Mr...

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Google LLC v Lloyd [2021] UKSC 50

Mr Lloyd sought to bring a representative action against Google for alleged breaches of the Data Protection Act 1998, claiming Google secretly tracked iPhone users' internet activity via the 'Safari workaround' and used data commercially without consent. The Supreme Court held that compensation under the DPA 1998 requires proof of...

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Franbar Holdings Ltd v Patel [2008] EWHC 1534 (Ch)

Franbar Holdings Ltd, a 25% shareholder in Medicentres, sought permission to continue a derivative claim against directors Patel and du Plessis for alleged breaches of duty including diversion of business opportunities. The court refused permission, finding Franbar had adequate alternative remedies through its existing unfair prejudice petition and shareholders' action....

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Fort Gilkicker Ltd, Re [2013] EWHC 348 (Ch)

UPMS, a member of an LLP which wholly owned Fort Gilkicker Ltd, sought permission to bring a double derivative action against a director who allegedly misappropriated a business opportunity. The court held that multiple derivative actions survived the Companies Act 2006 and granted permission to continue the claim. Facts Universal...

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First Subsea Ltd v Balltec [2017] EWCA Civ 186

A company director prepared and submitted competitive bids for contracts through a rival company whilst still a director. The Court of Appeal held that his breaches of fiduciary duty were fraudulent within s.21(1)(a) Limitation Act 1980, meaning no limitation period applied. Directors are Class 1 fiduciaries and trustees for limitation...

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Equitable Life Assurance Society v Hyman [2002] 1 AC 408

The Equitable Life Assurance Society adopted a differential bonus policy for policyholders with guaranteed annuity rates (GARs), reducing final bonuses for those exercising their GAR rights. The House of Lords held this practice breached an implied term that directors could not exercise discretion to undermine contractual guarantees. Facts The Equitable...

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Enviroco Ltd v Farstad Supply A/S [2011] UKSC 16

Enviroco sought protection under a charterparty's indemnity provisions as an 'Affiliate' of the charterer. The issue was whether Enviroco remained a 'subsidiary' of ASCO when ASCO's shares in Enviroco were pledged to a Scottish bank and registered in the bank's nominee's name. The Supreme Court held that under the statutory...

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Discovery Yachts Ltd, re [2021] EWHC 2475 (Ch)

PSV sought to recover debts from Mr Langdon personally under sections 216 and 217 Insolvency Act 1986. Langdon was a director of Discovery Yachts Limited which went into insolvent liquidation, and subsequently became involved in managing Discovery Yachts Group Limited. The court held that liabilities established against the company in...

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Coroin Ltd, Re [2013] EWCA Civ 781

Mr McKillen, a 36.2% shareholder in Coroin Limited, petitioned for relief under section 994 of the Companies Act 2006, claiming unfairly prejudicial conduct when pre-emption rights were allegedly circumvented as the Barclay interests acquired practical control over another shareholder's stake through various arrangements without triggering the pre-emption provisions. Facts Patrick...

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CMS Dolphin Ltd v Simonet [2002] BCC 600

Mr Simonet, managing director of CMS Dolphin Ltd, resigned and diverted clients Argos, Reebok and DFB to his new venture with Mr Patterson. The court held he breached fiduciary duties by appropriating maturing business opportunities and was accountable for profits, even though profits were made through a corporate vehicle. Facts...

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Citybranch Group Ltd, Re [2004] EWCA Civ 815

The Gross family petitioned under section 459 of the Companies Act 1985 alleging unfairly prejudicial conduct by the Rackind family. The key issue was whether conduct of a subsidiary's affairs could constitute conduct of the holding company's affairs. The Court of Appeal held that where directors of a holding company...