Updated: 3rd January 2026
This site is owned by solicitor Jennifer Wiss-Carline. Contact info: [email protected]
Purpose of the site
The National Case Law Archive / LawCases.net (“we”, “us” or “our”) is a resource created to help students, researchers, and the public access legal information – especially case summaries and related materials – free of charge.
Our goal is to provide convenient summaries of legal cases and resources to aid your research and education. The term ‘National’ is used to indicate that our resources may include materials pertaining to English and Welsh, Scottish, and Northern Irish law, reflecting the jurisdictions within the United Kingdom. The use of ‘National’ does not imply any official affiliation or endorsement by any government, judicial, or statutory body, and the National Case Law Archive operates as an independent, privately maintained resource.
By using this site, you acknowledge that these materials are for general information purposes only and not a substitute for professional legal advice or original source materials.
Information only and no legal advice
All content on this site is provided for general information only and does not constitute legal advice. You should not rely on the information on our site as the basis for any legal decision or action without verifying it against official sources or obtaining advice from a qualified legal professional.
While we aim to keep the information up-to-date and correct, we make no representations or warranties of any kind (express or implied) about the completeness, accuracy, reliability or suitability of the information provided. In other words, we do not guarantee that the content is accurate, complete, or up-to-date.
Any reliance you place on such information is at your own risk, and we encourage users to consult original source materials or qualified professionals where appropriate. For important matters, you should always consult the original case judgments, legislation, or other official materials (we provide citations or references to original sources where possible).
We take reasonable care to ensure that summaries and materials are prepared responsibly and with reference to authoritative sources but we do not provide any warranty that the site’s content will meet your requirements or expectations.
Disclaimer of liability
To the fullest extent permitted by law, we disclaim all liability and responsibility for any loss or damage that may arise from your use of this site or reliance on its content. This includes (but is not limited to) any direct, indirect, or consequential loss, or any loss of data or profits arising out of or in connection with the use of the site. The information on the site is provided “as is” without any conditions or guarantees.
We also do not guarantee that our website will be uninterrupted or error-free, or that it will always be available. Every effort is made to keep the site up and running smoothly, but we take no responsibility for, and will not be liable for, the website being temporarily unavailable due to technical issues beyond our control.
Nothing in these terms excludes or limits our liability for matters which cannot be excluded by law (for example, liability for personal injury caused by our negligence, or for fraud). However, we exclude all other liability to the extent allowed by law, and your use of the site indicates your agreement that you will not hold us responsible for any loss or damage incurred from using our site.
Intellectual property and use of content
Unless otherwise stated, the content on this site – including text, case summaries, commentary, site design, and graphics – is the intellectual property of the National Case Law Archive. All such content is protected by copyright and other applicable intellectual property laws. We reserve all rights in this content. You do not acquire any ownership rights by using the site or downloading materials.
Permitted personal use:
You are allowed to print or download one copy of reasonable extracts from our site for your own personal use (for example, for private study or research). This permission is granted for non-commercial, personal use only, and it is conditioned on you not modifying the materials and on retaining any notices (such as copyright notices or attributions) that are shown with the content. In academic or research contexts, you may quote small portions of our content provided you credit the National Case Law Archive (with the correct source URL, and if online, properly linked to the relevant page) as the source. This personal-use licence is revocable at any time, especially if you violate these terms.
Prohibited uses:
Except for the personal use described above, you may not copy, reproduce, distribute, republish, or retransmit any content from our site without our express prior written permission. This means you cannot upload our case summaries or other text to another website, publish them in any form, or use them for any commercial purpose without obtaining a licence from us.
You also must not remove or obscure any copyright, trademark, or other proprietary notices from materials on this site. Furthermore, you agree not to use any content from our site in a misleading or derogatory context.
All images on this site are either our property or licensed to us through appropriate image licensing services (such as Envato Elements or Depositphotos). You are not permitted to use, download, or reproduce the images separately from our content – for instance, you must not reuse or extract our images for your own purposes, since you have no licence to use them outside our website.
If you wish to use any content or images from our site beyond what is allowed here, you must contact us to seek permission first. We take copyright enforcement seriously, and we reserve the right to take legal action (including seeking injunctions and damages) against anyone who infringes our intellectual property rights or otherwise violates these terms.
User contributions and content
(Note: Currently, our site does not offer interactive features for user-generated content. However, this section applies in case such features are introduced in the future.)
If at any point we allow you to post comments, contribute case notes, or upload any content to the National Case Law Archive, you will be responsible for ensuring that your contributions are lawful, appropriate, and do not violate anyone else’s rights. You must not submit any content that is illegal, offensive, defamatory, infringing of copyright or other rights, or that violates privacy or data protection laws. You must own or have the rights to any content you post. By contributing content, you would be granting us a licence to use, display, and distribute that content on our site. All user-generated content (if permitted) would be reviewed or moderated at our discretion, and we reserve the right to remove any content that, in our judgment, does not comply with our standards or these terms. Please note that any opinions or information contributed by users (if such features exist) would not be approved or verified by us, and we will not be responsible for the accuracy or reliability of any user-generated material. If you have concerns about content uploaded by other users, you should contact us so we can investigate and take appropriate action.
Third-party links
Our website may include links to external websites or resources that are not operated by the National Case Law Archive. Any links to third-party websites are provided for your convenience and information only, and do not imply any endorsement or approval by us of those external sites or their content. We have no control over the content, availability, or policies of linked third-party sites, and we accept no responsibility or liability for any information, products, or services on them.
This means that if you follow a link to an external website, you do so at your own risk, and you should understand that our terms and privacy policy do not apply to those sites. We recommend you review the terms and privacy policies of any third-party websites you visit.
(For clarity, the National Case Law Archive does not embed third-party content within our pages, aside from these external links. We simply provide hyperlinks; the content of any external site remains under the control of that site’s operators.)
Privacy
Your use of our site is also subject to our Privacy Policy, which explains what personal data we collect and how we use and protect it. By using the National Case Law Archive, you agree to the terms of our Privacy Policy. In particular, we comply with applicable data protection laws in the UK (including the UK General Data Protection Regulation and the Data Protection Act 2018). You should read our Privacy Policy to understand how we handle your information. If you do not agree to our handling of your data as described there, please do not use the site. By accepting these Terms and Conditions, you also consent to our collection and use of information in accordance with the Privacy Policy (which may be accessed via our website).
Changes to these terms
We may update or revise these Terms and Conditions from time to time. Changes might be made, for example, to reflect updates to our site’s features or changes in the law. Whenever you use the site, please check the Terms and Conditions page to ensure you understand the terms that apply at that time. We will post the latest version of the terms on this page with an updated effective date. Continued use of the site after changes are posted constitutes your acceptance of the modified terms. If you do not agree with any update to the terms, you should stop using the site.
Governing law and jurisdiction
These Terms and Conditions, and any dispute or claim arising out of or in connection with them or the use of this website, are governed by the laws of England and Wales. By using this site, you agree that any disputes will be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of England and Wales. We make no representation that the content of this site is appropriate or available for use in other locations. If you access the site from outside the UK, you do so on your own initiative and are responsible for compliance with local laws as applicable.
By using the National Case Law Archive, you confirm that you understand and agree to these Terms and Conditions. If you do not agree, you should refrain from using our website. These terms are designed to protect both you and us: they ensure you use the site for its intended purpose (research and educational use) and clarify that our content is a helpful starting point but not a definitive authority. Always double-check important legal information against official sources. If you have any questions about these terms, or if you need permissions beyond the scope of the above, please contact us through the details provided on our site.
