April 1, 2026
This guide explains how to file for divorce in the UK – specifically, England and Wales – including how to complete the divorce application form (D8), what happens after you apply, and how to finalise your divorce. It covers the no-fault divorce process that applies to all applications issued on...
March 31, 2026
The duty of care is the threshold concept of the tort of negligence. Before any question of breach, causation, or remoteness can arise, the claimant must establish that the defendant owed a legal obligation to take reasonable care for the claimant’s interests. The content and boundaries of that obligation have...
March 31, 2026
Police attended a road accident caused by black ice but left without adequately warning other motorists. A fatal collision subsequently occurred on the same stretch of road. The Supreme Court held the police owed no duty of care as they had not made matters worse in a legally relevant sense,...
March 31, 2026
Truck manufacturers challenged collective proceedings brought by purchasers claiming compensation for price-fixing. The Supreme Court held that litigation funding agreements where funders receive a percentage of damages recovered are damages-based agreements under section 58AA CLSA 1990, rendering them unenforceable without compliance with statutory requirements. Facts Following a European Commission decision...
March 31, 2026
Mr Jones challenged the civil standard of proof applied in gang injunction proceedings under the Policing and Crime Act 2009 and Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014. The Supreme Court held that Article 6(1) ECHR does not require the criminal standard of proof in such civil proceedings, dismissing the...
March 31, 2026
The widow and family of Mr McCulloch sued for negligence after his death from cardiac tamponade, claiming his doctor should have advised him about NSAID treatment for pericarditis. The Supreme Court held that the professional practice test (Bolam/Hunter v Hanley) applies when determining what constitutes a reasonable alternative treatment requiring...
March 31, 2026
Mrs Philipp was deceived by fraudsters into instructing Barclays Bank to transfer £700,000 to accounts in the UAE. She claimed the Bank owed a duty not to execute her payment instructions if it had reasonable grounds to believe she was being defrauded. The Supreme Court held no such duty exists...
March 31, 2026
A police officer (W80) shot and killed Jermaine Baker during an operation based on intelligence that suspects were armed. The IOPC directed disciplinary proceedings applying the civil law test for self-defence. The Supreme Court held that the civil law test applies in police disciplinary proceedings, not the criminal law test,...
March 31, 2026
A Palestinian refugee in Lebanon challenged the UK's Vulnerable Persons Resettlement Scheme, arguing the public sector equality duty (PSED) under section 149 of the Equality Act 2010 applied extraterritorially. The Supreme Court held the PSED does not have extraterritorial effect, dismissing the appeal. Facts The Appellant, a Palestinian refugee from...
March 31, 2026
A wife sought financial relief in England after an overseas divorce under Part III of the Matrimonial and Family Proceedings Act 1984. The husband died before the final hearing. The Supreme Court held that the power to order financial relief after overseas divorce can only be exercised between living parties,...
March 31, 2026
Ms Wang applied for Tier 1 (Investor) Migrant status using a scheme where she paid £200,000 to access a £1m loan pre-destined for investment in a specific company. The Supreme Court held she lacked the requisite 'control' over the loan money as she had no real choice about its use...
March 31, 2026
Jackie Maguire, a vulnerable adult with Downs Syndrome living in a care home under deprivation of liberty safeguards, died from a perforated gastric ulcer after not being taken to hospital despite symptoms. Her mother challenged the coroner's decision not to require an expanded verdict under Article 2 ECHR. The Supreme...
March 31, 2026
A road carrier transported cigarettes from Poland to England under the CMR Convention. Thieves stole 289 cases during transit, triggering excise duty liability of £449,557 on the cargo owner. The Supreme Court upheld the Buchanan precedent, ruling that excise duty is recoverable under article 23.4 as 'other charges incurred in...
March 31, 2026
Nuffield Health, a registered charity operating gyms, claimed mandatory 80% business rates relief for its Merton Abbey gym. Merton Council argued the gym's fees excluded those of modest means, failing the public benefit test. The Supreme Court held that charitable purpose is assessed by the charity's activities overall, not site-by-site....
March 31, 2026
SSE Generation Ltd sought capital allowances for expenditure on water conduits at a hydro-electric scheme. HMRC argued these were 'tunnels' or 'aqueducts' excluded under the Capital Allowances Act 2001. The Supreme Court held that in context, 'tunnel' means a subterranean passage for transportation ways, and 'aqueduct' means a bridge-like structure...
March 31, 2026
Terrorist prisoners challenged legislation extending their custodial periods from half to two-thirds of their sentences before eligibility for parole. The Supreme Court held this change related to execution of sentence, not the penalty itself, and therefore did not breach Article 7 or Article 5 ECHR. Facts The respondents (Morgan, Marks,...
March 31, 2026
The Supreme Court considered whether the Parole Board could take into account unproven allegations when assessing a prisoner's risk to the public. The Court held that the Board is not limited to considering only facts proven on the balance of probabilities but may assess the possibility that allegations are true,...
March 31, 2026
Mr Moulsdale sold property without charging VAT, believing Schedule 10 VATA disapplied his option to tax. HMRC assessed him for VAT. The Supreme Court held that when determining if a grantor is a 'developer of land', the intention regarding VAT-bearing capital expenditure must relate to expenditure other than the acquisition...
March 31, 2026
Ukraine issued US$3 billion Notes to Russia, governed by English law. Ukraine defended against enforcement claiming duress through Russian economic pressure and threats of force, lack of capacity and authority, and countermeasures. The Supreme Court held Ukraine had capacity and the Minister had ostensible authority, but allowed the duress defence...
March 31, 2026
VIP Communications challenged a direction by the Secretary of State under section 5 of the Communications Act 2003, which instructed Ofcom not to exempt commercial multi-user GSM gateways from licensing requirements. The Supreme Court held the Secretary of State had power to give such directions on national security grounds, reversing...
March 31, 2026
Tenants in an unlicensed HMO sought a Rent Repayment Order against the superior landlord rather than their immediate landlord. The Supreme Court held that RROs under the Housing and Planning Act 2016 can only be made against the immediate landlord under the tenancy generating the relevant rent, not superior landlords....
March 30, 2026
Dr Day challenged planning permission granted for housing development on land forming part of Greenfields Recreation Ground. The land had been sold by Shrewsbury Town Council to a developer without complying with statutory advertising requirements for disposal of land held on statutory trust for public recreation. The Supreme Court held...
March 30, 2026
The Supreme Court sanctions block letter of credit payments linked to pre-existing Russian aircraft leases. S.44 SAMLA protects compliant banks.
March 30, 2026
UniCredit Bank refused to pay under letters of credit issued for aircraft leases to Russian airlines, citing UK sanctions. The Supreme Court held that regulation 28(3)(c) prohibited payment until licences were obtained, as payments were 'in connection with' arrangements making aircraft available to Russia. Section 44 SAMLA provides protection for...
March 30, 2026
News Corp argued digital editions of its newspapers should be zero-rated for VAT like printed newspapers. The Supreme Court dismissed the appeal, holding that 'newspapers' in the VAT Act referred only to physical printed items, not digital editions. The always speaking principle could not extend the meaning given EU law...
May 1, 2026
National Case Law Archive
May 1, 2026
National Case Law Archive
May 1, 2026
National Case Law Archive