![Process & Industrial Developments Ltd v The Federal Republic of Nigeria: currency of costs after [2025] UKSC 36](https://www.lawcases.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/law-cases-law-books4-300x200.jpg)
This appeal resolves a narrow but strategically important question in costs law: when (if ever) an English court should order costs in a foreign currency rather than sterling.
Donoghue v Stevenson established the "neighbour principle," laying the foundations for duty of care and modern negligence law.
Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball established the legal principle of unilateral contracts, confirming that advertisements may constitute binding offers accepted by performing specific acts.
This analysis explores how the court's strict stance against necessity as a defence for murder underscores deeper moral and legal principles, notably prioritising societal values and human dignity over individual survival instincts.
Balfour v Balfour (1919) landmark case on intention to create legal relations, differentiating domestic promises from binding contracts.
![Impact of Dunlop v Selfridge [1915] AC 847 on contract law](https://www.lawcases.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/tyres-300x200.jpg)
The case of Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v Selfridge established key principles regarding the rights of third parties in contract law.
During the course of electro-convulsive therapy [E.C.T.] treatment administered to him at the defendants’ mental hospital, the plaintiff, a voluntary patient, sustained bilateral “stove-in” fractures of the acetabula. E.C.T. treatment consisted in the passing of an electric current through the brain of the patient which, when…
September 13, 2026
National Case Law Archive
September 3, 2026
National Case Law Archive
September 3, 2026
National Case Law Archive